A single-line diagram (SLD) is a high-level schematic diagram showing how incoming power is distributed to the equipment. It is the blueprint for ...
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Read MoreMitigating an Arc Flash Hazard needs a systematic understanding of the event of
Arc Flash:
What is an Arc Flash
What are the causes of Arc Flash Effects of Arc Flash
Methods to calculate the Arc Flash Hazard
Probable ways to avoid an occurrence of Arc Flash
Safety measures to be practiced.
Arc Flash occurs under fault conditions. A fault can occur on any type of operating voltage,
low, medium or high. Fault currents range about tens of KA to a hundred KA. When this fault
current follows an unintended path as in a conductive path in the air gap of conductors due to a
tool dropped by the operating personal, switching action, low maintained electrical parts , dust
and dirt accumulation or any infestation caused by small animals. This ionises the air
surrounding the conductors and the ionised particles act as the path to the fault current. This
releases an enormous amount of light, heat and sound. The light is similar to a flash in
lightening and may damage the eyesight of the person in the
vicinity. The heat produced under a flash over is around 35000 degree Fahrenheit. Such high
amounts of heat causes the melting of the metals around it and vaporises them causing a blast of
molten metal, pieces of metals and other equipment. The molten metal and shrapnel lead to a
pressure wave that overthrows the operating personnel gravely injuring him. The Arc Flash is
associated with an Arc Blast with a sound of more than 140 DB, way beyond the normal human
hearing limits. The molten metal, melted insulating material and the toxic vapours are
precarious when inhaled. All these can cause severe burns, loss of sight, hearing impairments,
PTSD in some cases and even death.
Arc Flash calculation, short circuit coordination calculations, Arc Flash Hazard Analysis is an interconnected systematic program. IEEE 1584-2018 has formulated models to perform the necessary calculations. With more research and developments in technology the regulations are revised as and when needed. At VBE, we implement these revised editions in our calculations so as to give you the most effective solutions as possible. Arc Flash Calculation is initiated by identifying the equipment that might be at Arc Flash Hazard. This is accomplished by collecting all the data from the firm. Our team of experts come over to the firm and acquire the required data. The details of all the equipment like the number of phases, operating voltage, size of the transformers, power sources KVA, MVA ratings, switchgear, circuit breakers, relays, and their operating times, impedance, short circuit currents, their potential values under fault conditions, X/R ratios of different equipment, name plate details of each equipment, capacitor banks, Buses are compiled through a walkthrough at the firm.
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Read MoreA single-line diagram (SLD) is a high-level schematic diagram showing how incoming power is distributed to the equipment....
Read MoreShort circuit study is the process of analyzing an electrical system to determine the magnitude of fault currents that flows during ...
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Read MoreElectric shock and Electric Arc Flash are the main accidents that occur at any facility. And Arc Flash is the most hazardous and is gaining prominence in the electric safety field. To safeguard the facility from Arc Flash Hazards, Arc Flash Risk Assessment and Arc Flash Study is to be required. Arc Flash Study is a technical reviewing and monitoring program is executed by trained professionals. The VIEW of an engineer expert in Arc Flash Study helps to attain a solution to prevent Arc Flash or to mitigate the Arc and in reducing the risks associated with Arc Flash Hazards. With the increasing awareness in Arc Flash Arc Flash Study companies too has increased. The choice of the right Arc Flash Study Company proves to be the first step in the safety measures for the company.
SLDs depicting all the acquired data indicating the protective relays, along with
their tripping timings, fault clearing times are developed with the employment of neoteric tools and
software like Easy Power, TANTRA , ETAP, SKM enabling a fast and accurate one line diagrams
illustrating all the fuses, breakers, MCCs, panel boards, motors, transformers, generators,
capacitor banks, X/R ratios in easy to understand pattern. The data collected and hence the one line
diagrams aid in identifying unused or improperly placed breakers , alternate methods in realising
the function even without them, and also a possibilities of new equipment to be installed for future
expansions.
The data such as the type of electrodes used, types of enclosures they are installed, current
ratings, time-current curves, type of grounding, phases 1-phase, 3- phase, gap between the
conductors, operating distance, operating voltages of higher than 240V where usually the risk of Arc
Flash is at large is implemented in the Arc Flash Calculation. With the guidelines
provided by IEEE 1584, NFPA 70 E Article 130.4, Article 130.5, the values of bolted fault current,
Arc Fault current, Ampere ratings, RMS values, incident energy, air gaps, operating frequencies,
operating voltages, the arc flash calculation is realised.
The duty calculations of equipment and the rated short circuit currents at each protective device
guides the short circuit coordination study. The short circuit currents at which the protective
relays are to operate is to be accurately determined so that the relays operate only at the incident
of an arc flash and not for other faults that do not pose the hazard of an Arc flash. The fuses,
switchgears, circuit breakers and protective relays are to operate in coordination such that the
operation of the electrical network is appropriate. The short circuit coordination study at VBE aims
at the factual settings for the protective devices and circuit breakers based on the arc fault
current, bolted fault current, enclosure type, incident energy, type of grounding, type of
electrodes, distance of operation. Implementing the suggestions regarding the coordinated short
circuit operation helps to reduce the hazards of arc flash, ensuring safety of the operating
personnel.
Electrical safety towards the operating personnel is to deenergise the line, or to check the voltage. NFPA 70E guidelines that the maintenance, adding or removing a bus or connecting any new equipment are best done with the practice of de energising the bus or that it is allowed to perform operations under special scenarios as categorised by the NFPA 70 E norms. These norms are easily available in the report for Electric shock and Arc Flash Events. But many practical cases show that this practice is neglected or is not feasible in the view of possible downtime that may drastically affect the production of the firm. Under such circumstances the operating personnel must be fully aware of the hazardous environment that he is into and must know the best practices to avoid such events. Arc Flash Study at your firm provides the arc flash survey.
The arc flash survey proposes the necessary measures like training the workforce on the best operating practices, select the required PPE based on the Arc Flash category, able to understand the Arc Flash Hazard labels, follow the Arc flash boundary values. Regular maintenance of the circuit breakers, equipment and other protective relays so as to circumvent the event of dust accumulation, corrosion due to weather changes etc., use adequately insulated tools, vigilant while working on live, periodic check on the operation of protective relays, ensure right Arc Flash hazard labels are installed at the risk prone connections and equipment, tabulate the procedures for easy understanding of any inexperienced person operating. Though an Arc Flash is an unseen danger and most unanticipated, these are some of the best options to mitigate the Arc Flash Hazard and to reduce the accidents and injuries there by. A periodic Arc Flash Study and Arc Flash Hazard analysis helps in providing a safe workplace, limit the losses associated, avoid downtime, and can save a capital amount on the management side. Thus, the Arc Flash study cost is invariably justifiable. Whether the plant is a well established or a new establishment, the arc flash study cost always proves to be profitable as it results in an overall mark up in the system reliability.
VB Engineering is a pioneer in Arc Flash Study with its highly trained engineers with a vast experience predominantly in the Arc Flash Analysis, Flash Hazard Analysis, Short circuit coordination study, Arc Flash Calculation, and in preparing Arc Flash Survey and the Arc Flash Study Report that meets the Arc Flash Study Requirements. International standards like OSHA 29 CFR 1910, IEEE 1584-2018, NFPA 70 E have elaborated on the fire safety, electrical safety and Arc Flash standards and keep reviewing these guidelines from the extensive research reports globally. VB Engineering renders Arc Flash Survey and Arc Flash Hazard Analysis and formulates the Arc Flash Study Reports meeting the Arc Flash Study Requirements complying these regulations. Our distinctive quality is in the expert team that implements the most recent software and tools like SKM, TANTRA, ETAP to give you the accurate solutions in complying the Arc Flash Study Cost pertinent to your company.
Arc Flash is an unseen danger that has to be addressed without fail. Negligence in any measure results in adverse effects like severe shock, burns or a loss of life which is least anticipated. Along with causing physical injuries to the operating personnel, Arc Flash also results in property loss as it causes a damage to the equipment, infrastructure and a complete shutdown of the facility. All in all an Arc Flash corroborates to be a significant loss in monetary form as it leads to hefty fines levied by regulatory bodies, insurance liabilities, hospital expenses to be met with the employees recovery, property damages constituting to about a loss in Millions of Pesos. Many of the Arc Flash incidents indicate that these incidents could have been avoided on the whole or the losses could have been limited to a slighter extent through an Arc Flash Hazard Analysis and implementation of safe operating practices at the firm.